Germany - leader of Europe .

Thus, the palm in Germany, where, despite the abolition of the "Prize of heat recovery, the percentage of new car sales rose to 19.7%, equivalent to 279 thousand 725 units. Silver got the French auto market: sales of cars in this country increased by 48,5%, amounting to 216 thousand 452 units. The bronze medal was Italy with the index 182 thousand 976 vehicles sold. Increase amounted to 31,2%. The following car market of England - in November, sales grew by 57,6%, there were 82 sold 158 thousand units. Closes five leaders of the European automobile market Russia. Sales in the neighboring country amounted to 105 thousand 302 vehicles, which is 46% lower than in October. As for the results of the past 11 months of 2009, the leadership among the automobile market of Europe belongs to the same countries. Germany - absolute leader. Rate of sales of new cars in this country amounted to 3 million 591 thousand 611 units. In the second placed France, 2 million 40 thousand vehicles in the third - Italy, 2 million 19 thousand cars in the fourth - United Kingdom, 1 million 855 thousand vehicles, and in fifth place - Russia, 1 million 337 thousand cars.

Gokhran Central Bank sold gold at one billion dollars.

Bank of Russia bought Gokhran 30 tons of gold. The deal amounted to about a billion dollars. The Finance Ministry noted that the gold stored in Gohrane and bought the CBR, "the same number in gold reserves. Therefore, as a result of the transaction volume of gold in reserves is not reduced, and the budget will receive additional funds. In early November, as noted by the agency Reuters, the international reserves of the Central Bank held 19.5 million ounces (approximately 606 tons) of gold. The world market price of ounces of gold on December 21 is just over 1113 dollars. In early December, the value of the precious metal reached a record, surpassing the 1,226 dollars per ounce. In November, Central Bank First Deputy Chairman Alexei Ulyukayev said that the Bank of Russia is ready to buy gold from Gokhran at market prices. Earlier, Russia's finance minister Alexei Kudrin said that the proceeds of the gold funds may be used to buy other resources, including diamonds from Alrosa. Gokhran, an agency under the Ministry of Finance, buying precious metals and dragkamni in State of Russia and sell them. The volume of its reserves are state secrets

Apple may announce defaulted Megafon under a contract to buy iPhone .

Apple Sales International Company may declare defaulted cellular operator "MegaFon" by contract to purchase Megafon smartphone for iPhone sales in Russia, reports Prime-TASS ". In August 2008, "Megafon" made with apple Sales International and the Irish "daughter" apple Sales International. agreement to acquire 1 million iPhone units for resale in Russia for 2 years. Up to 4 th quarter of 2008, including "Megafon" comply with the terms of the number purchased by quarterly iPhone. But then "Megafon" stopped purchasing iPhone because of the inability to sell already purchased smartphones due to falling demand for them in Russia. Therefore, from January 1 to November 30, 2009 Megafon not purchased any iPhone in addition to previously purchased. In June 2009 "Megafon" written off as a loss on declining prices of iPhone 242 million rubles. Currently, Megafon is negotiating with apple to change the quarterly schedule of procurement iPhone compared to the previously agreed upon, but those negotiations have not yielded concrete results. If agreement on new supplies of iPhone will not be achieved, apple may announce defaulted Megafon to a procurement contract iPhone and sue for damages. Talks with apple to review agreements on iPhone sales are also other operators, Russia's "big three" - MTS and Vimpelcom.

"TVEL "sums up the preliminary results of foreign economic activity in 2009.

TVEL (100% subsidiary of Atomenergoprom) summarizes preliminary results of the business in 2009, and notes the key results of overseas markets, the press service of the company. In 2009, Russia's nuclear fuel manufacturer has fulfilled all contractual obligations in full before the foreign customers. The strategic plan of action TVEL "built on the principles of accounting and customer satisfaction, which once again confirms the policy of mutually beneficial cooperation. In February TVEL's long-term contracts to supply 2000 tons of fuel pellets of uranium dioxide of natural wealth for India's heavy water reactors (PHWR), as well as 58 tons of pills from the low-enriched uranium to produce fuel for 1 and 2 nuclear units TAPS reactors type BWR (boiling water reactor). Total income from these contracts for five years will be about 700 million U.S. dollars. Negotiations with Indian partners to increase co-operation, until the joint production of nuclear fuel for various types of reactors. In May of 2009 at the subsidiary TVEL "," Machine Works ", was made two thousandth fuel assembly for a Western-style reactors according to the specifications of the company AREVA NP. During the cooperation to Russia's manufacturer of fuel was not charged with any claims of quality. As a result of the 2009 meetings and talks at the leadership level TVEL - AREVA have agreed to expand cooperation in a number of new and promising projects, the practical realization of which should begin next year. In 2009, TVEL has started delivering nuclear fuel to the first unit of NPP Temelin after the adoption of CEZ solutions for early discharge of fuel from the U.S. unit. High technical and economic characteristics of Russia's fuel created the prerequisites for the adoption of CEZ solutions for early discharge of fuel from a U.S. company and the second power plant Temelin and replace them with Russia's fuel since 2011. In 2010, TVEL plans to sign contracts for the supply of fuel for full load of the unit. Management of the Slovak nuclear power plant operator has decided to conclude with TVEL's contract for the supply of fuel for power plants under construction number 3 and 4 of NPP Mochovce. Commercial contract ready for signature, the ceremony will be held early next year. Last year the company delivered a new generation of experimental fuel assemblies with improved performance at the Hungarian Paks NPP. Following the pilot operation received the approval of the Hungarian supervisory authority to transfer all the units of Paks NPP to the new fuel since 2010. In 2009 an agreement was signed on cooperation with another European operator of nuclear power for the licensing of FA-square of another country in Western Europe. Negotiations continue with other foreign partners to organize the supply of FA-square on the American and Asian markets for nuclear fuel. This year has been fully agreed upon and prepared to sign long-term contract for fuel supplies for Ukrainian nuclear power plants after 2010. The document provides for Russia's TVS at least 12 units in 10 years. Developed justification for investment purposes (OBTSIN) to draft a model of regional plant for the fabrication of fuel abroad. TVEL intends to participate in the bidding process in Ukraine at the choice of partner for the construction of the plant. In addition, Russia's nuclear fuel manufacturer has serious progress in the negotiations on this project with other European countries. Successfully being implemented license agreement on the transfer of Ukrainian production technology components FA of stainless steel. Production of the first qualifying batch is scheduled for 2010. TVEL's continued to work with the Canadian public by AECL (Atomic energy of Canada Limited) for the qualification of JSC "CSW" as a supplier of pressure pipes for water reactors CANDU. In 2010, TVEL's plans to enter the signing of a contract for the supply pipe pressure in Canada for use in upgrading technology of this type of reactor, a developer and exporter which is AECL. In 2009, also signed a contract with the South Korean company to supply KNF qualifying party tube blanks from the Korean zirconium alloy HANA.

From U.S. No one will refuse .

On Tuesday the dollar against the euro and the yen sank to its lowest level for the whole year after the British news agencies circulated information that the Arab countries and other states are considering the possibility of smooth-out of U.S. currency in payment for oil. The reason for selling was an article in the British newspaper The Independent, in which it was observed that the Arab countries, China, Russia, Japan and France are secret talks about switching from dollars to euros, yen and Chinese yuan in trading accounts. Officials mentioned in the article were made by the States or with the denial of negotiations, or said they did not have information about them. However, the denial failed to stop the sale of the dollar. After lunch at the auctions in London, the dollar fell 0.8% to 88.8 yen per dollar and the euro rose 0.7% to 1.4748 dollar per euro. If the dollar continue to fall, it could fall below the minimum in the long years of 87.11 yen per dollar and the euro will be able to develop into a two-year maximum of 1.4842 dollars per euro, reached last month. Kuwait's oil minister, Sheikh Ahmad al-Abdullah al-Sabah said that oil ministers of the Gulf States did not carry out any negotiations on this issue. "At our level, there was nothing - he said. - I do not even think about it '. Head of the Central Bank of UAE, Sultan Nasser al-Suwaidi said that his country does not intend to abandon dollar payments for oil. "No meeting was not" - he told Associated Press, adding that the dollar "will remain the currency for oil prices. An article published in The Independent, supported the existing market skepticism about the U.S. currency in favor of the euro and the yen, while the world still is an open debate on the future of the dollar as the primary global currency. Last week the International Monetary Fund data showed that the level of the dollar in total reserves of the world fell to its lowest level since 1995. Meanwhile, former United States Trade Representative Robert Zallik, managing the World Bank, warned that should not be perceived status of the U.S. currency as a tribute. "Some stories just do not stop, and that information about the probable replacement of the dollar as the main currency for oil trade - this is just another chapter in the conspiracy against the dollar, which today is the key and reserve world currency", - said Jane Foley, a researcher at Forex . com. The dollar also fell against the euro after the central bank of Australia has decided to raise interest rates, which was considered as the property market and economic recovery. New confidence in the future reduces the role of the dollar, which during the recession was considered a safe haven. Worries about the dollar is partly based on the increased budget deficits of the United States and is wasteful of monetary policy pursued by the Federal Reserve System and includes a very low refinancing rates and an increase in money supply in circulation. All these operations could weaken the U.S. currency The fact that the dollar plays the role of reserve currency and the pricing supports it, because governments and businesses to keep or buy dollars. Currency analyst at Bank of Bank of New York Mellon Neil Mellor said that the possible intention of the Gulf States to reduce its dependence on the dollar potentially very important because it concerns the dollar reserves of those countries. Any step, lowering the price of the dollar, and lowers the cost of their own huge reserves. Over the past five years, the dollar dropped significantly in comparison with its main competitors, which has led to calls to diversify foreign exchange reserves in countries such as China and Arab countries. As a result, in talking about the loss of the dollar, its role in pricing there is nothing fresh - in 2003, Russia has refused to anchor their currencies to the dollar, and instead pinned the ruble against the currency basket comprising the dollar and euro. During the last oil boom, Russia, which is one of the largest oil producers in the world, had amassed large dollar reserves. The representative of the Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Peskov, dismissed the newspaper article dubbed her "tiny", but confirmed a new strategy for Russia, which has the goal of increasing the number of reserve currencies, "to ease the load on a single global currency and to prevent another crisis." At the same time, China takes stake in energy and commodity companies to reduce their dependence on the dollar. Hans Redeker, currency expert bank BNP Paribas, said that Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world would be a key country in discussing the ways in which currencies should be evaluated oil. "Investors should not forget that Saudi Arabia is interested in the fact that the United States remained strong and continued to participate in the life of the region - he says. - Abandonment of the dollar in favor of a basket of currencies would further weaken the U.S., which is contrary to the interests of Saudi Arabia.

European Neighborhood Policy (ENP).

The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) is a new approach of the European Union's neighboring countries to strengthen relations between the EU and neighboring countries and EU cooperation on the establishment of security and prosperity, "a ring of friendly countries" on the borders of the European Union. ENP is also intended to provide the Mill-EU neighbors to closer cooperation with the EU in political, security, economy and culture. The objectives of the European Neighborhood Policy: The main objective of the ENP - share the good, the 2004 EU enlargement with neighboring countries in strengthening stability, security and welfare of all countries concerned. On the strengthening of stability and good governance in neighboring EU countries, also referred to the European Security Strategy, approved by the European Council in December 2003. The European Neighborhood Policy does not provide partner countries the prospect of joining the European Union, but also offers a privileged relationship with the EU and contributing to the achievement of the various areas of cooperation. Origin: shstoricheskoe expansion of the European Union became for him a great step towards strengthening security and increasing prosperity on the European continent, but also means a change in the external borders of the Union. These circumstances not only opened up new opportunities but also posed new challenges. European Neighborhood Policy is a response to this new situation. In March 2003 the European Commission presented its Communication "Wider Europe - Neighborhood: A new framework of relations with eastern and southern neighbors of the EU", which was first presented the principles of the new European Neighborhood Policy and the EU noted the importance of strengthening relations with neighboring countries. According to the report to assist third countries, including countries currently covered by TACIS and MEDA, the Commission proposes to create a European instrument of neighborhood. This idea was further elaborated in the statement issued in July 2003, "Towards a new instrument Neighborhood. In October 2003 the European Council welcomed the progress made in implementing this initiative and encouraged the Council and the Commission to continue this work in order to ensure an integrated balanced and proportionate approach, including the establishment of a financial instrument. In May 2004 the European Commission presented a Communication "The European Neighborhood Policy. Strategy and Country reports ", which shall include clear steps to implement the European Neighborhood Policy and the methods of spreading the benefits of EU enlargement on neighboring countries. These priorities to be included in a jointly agreed Action Plans, which represents a key policy document in strengthening relations between the EU and partner countries. Action Plans will be based on a mutual commitment to common values, mainly in the field of rule of law, good governance, human rights, including minority rights, development of good neighborly relations and market economy principles and sustainable development. It is also envisaged that partner countries commit themselves to certain essential aspects of EU external action, including, inter alia, the fight against terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, as well as compliance with international law and efforts to resolve conflicts. Action Plans will, however, are differentiated to reflect the current state of relations with each country, its needs and capabilities, as well as common interests. The volume and pace of development of EU relations with each partner country will depend on the degree of their commitment to common values, as well as the willingness and ability to meet agreed priorities. Action Plans will contain a number of priority objectives whose implementation is an essential element of EU relations with partners: - Political dialogue - involves issues of foreign and security policy, including regional and international issues, conflict prevention and crisis management, as well as common security threats (eg terrorism and its root causes, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and illegal arms exports); - The policy of economic and social development - requires a sophisticated preferential trade relations and increased financial and technical assistance. Also opens up prospects of neighboring countries in the EU internal market based on the convergence of regulatory frameworks, participate in a number of EU programs and improve communications and physical infrastructure that connects them with the EU; - Trade - provides greater market opening in accordance with the principles of WTO and EU standards; - Justice and home affairs - provides more cooperation on migration, asylum, visa policies, measures to combat terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug and arms trafficking, money laundering and financial and economic crimes. The action plans will identify specific steps to strengthen the judicial system and greater cooperation between the police and judicial cooperation, including in the area of family law, as well as cooperation between the European Union, however as Europol and Eurojust. The starting point action plans is a common set of questions that correspond to the objectives of the ENP. However, the development of action plans and agreed priorities for each country will depend on the circumstances. These circumstances include: - geographical location - political and economic situation - relations with the European Union and neighboring countries - the reform program (if applicable) - The needs and opportunities as well as those expressed in the context of the ENP. Thus, each partner will develop an individualized plan of action. The action plans will be defined the way forward for the next 3-5 years. The next step would be to negotiate a new preferential agreements - European Agreement on Neighborliness - that would replace the current generation of bilateral agreements will be reached when the priorities of action plans. Countries included in the scope of the European Neighborhood Policy: The ENP is addressed to the current neighbors of the EU, as well as those who have become closer to the EU enlargement. In Eastern Europe: Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova The EU and Russia agreed to further develop their strategic partnership through the creation of four common spaces in accordance with decisions taken at the St. Petersburg Summit in 2003. In the South Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia In the Mediterranean region: Algeria, Egypt, shzrail, shordaniya, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Palestinian Authority

Board of Europe.

Board of Europe - Europe's oldest international political organization. Its main stated goal - building a united Europe, based on the principles of liberty, democracy, human rights and the rule of law. Despite the fact that the European flag more often associated with the EU, it was first used by the Council of Europe in 1955. Council of Europe should not be confused with the European Union: it soverienno two different organizations. One of the most significant achievements of the Council of Europe is the development and adoption of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. History Promotion Council of Europe and membership in the Organization Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe is the oldest on the continent, an international political organization. - Current members of the Council of Europe has 47 states, including 21 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. - Another State (Belarus) applied for membership in the Organization. - Observer status with the Council of Europe have 5 member (Vatican City, Canada, Mexico, United States of America and Japan). - Council of Europe should be distinguished from the European Union, which unites 25 countries, who before joining the EU were already members of the Council of Europe. - Headquarters of the Organization is in Strasbourg (France). The objectives of the Council of Europe "The purpose of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between its members ..." (Article 1 of the Charter of the Council of Europe) Council of Europe was created to: - Protection of human rights, parliamentary democracy and the rule of law; - Achievement of pan-European agreements to facilitate the harmonization of social and legal practices of Member States; - Promote understanding of peoples of European identity and unity based on shared spiritual values and implied the preservation and promotion of multiculturalism. (more ...) The main organs of the Council of Europe - The Committee of Ministers - the decision-making body, which comprises foreign ministers of 47 member states of the Council of Europe, or their permanent diplomatic representatives in Strasbourg. - Parliamentary Assembly, comprising 636 members (318 representatives and 318 alternates) appointed by national parliaments. Currently chairman of the Assembly is Rene van der Linden (Netherlands, Group of the European People's Party). - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe, consisting of the Chamber of Local Authorities and the Chamber of Regions. President of the Congress is currently Halfdan Skard (Norway, SOC). - Secretariat, numbering about 1800 employees in September 2004 headed by Secretary general Terry Davis (United Kingdom), byviim Vice-Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly and Chairman of the Socialist Group.